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Nkhani

Teasaponin, yomwe imatchedwanso tiyi saponin, imakhala ndi thovu, emulsifying, dispersing properties, ndipo imakhala ndi zotsatira za pharmacological za hemolysis, anti-osmosis, anti-inflammatory, phlegm ndi chifuwa, analgesic, etc. Ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya emulsifiers. , Detergents, thovu wothandizira, preservatives, tizilombo ndi wothandizila ena, choncho ali osiyanasiyana ntchito, kuphatikizapo ulimi, detergents, mankhwala, zomangira, zinthu zam'madzi ndi zodzoladzola.

Camellia (Camelliasp.), Monga Camellia oleifera (Camelliaoleifera) ndi tiyi (C.sinensis), ndizolemera kwambiri. Mafuta a saponin a Camellia dregs otsala atafinya mafuta a mbewu ya Camellia oleifera ndi pafupifupi 5-14%. . Ponena za kugwiritsa ntchito tiyi saponin paulimi, ntchito yayikulu ndikugwiritsa ntchito chakudya cha camellia (chomwe chimadziwikanso kuti chakudya cha tiyi chowawa) kapena zinthu zina zofananira nazo monga zochotsera zake. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza za kagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi kafukufuku wa tiyi wa saponin poteteza zomera motere, kuti alimi atchule ntchito za mmunda.

Chidule chachidule cha tiyi saponin ndi zotsatira zake pa biology

Tiyi saponin ndi metabolite yachiwiri ya zomera. Imateteza ma virus, mabakiteriya, nkhungu, protozoa, tizilombo kapena nyama zodyera herbivorous. Chifukwa chake, amapezeka m'zomera zambiri ndipo ndizochitika zachilengedwe zopanda ma ionic. Wothandizira, wosungunuka m'madzi. Tiyi saponin ndi yosavuta kuwola m'chilengedwe ndipo ndi yotetezeka kwa anthu ndi nyama. Komabe, imakhalabe ndi chiwopsezo chokhala ndi poizoni kwa zamoyo zina zomwe sizingawathandize. Ndiwowopsa makamaka kwa nyama zambiri zam'madzi. Ndibwino kuti ogwira ntchito azigwiritsa ntchito mosamala kuti apewe kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe. Kuchititsa chikoka kwambiri. Tiyi saponin ndi poizoni kwambiri kwa nsomba, ali ndi zotsatira za hemolysis ndi cell nembanemba chiwonongeko. Ikhoza kulowa m'mitsempha yamagazi ya nsomba mwa kuwononga maselo a epidermal a nsomba zam'madzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti maselo ofiira a magazi awonongeke ndikutaya ntchito yawo, ndipo pamapeto pake amatsogolera ku imfa ya nsomba; Komabe, chifukwa shrimps ndi nkhanu, Popeza zigawo zikuluzikulu za gill epidermis wa shrimps ndi nkhanu ndi chitin ndi mapuloteni, amene ndi osiyana ndi epidermal dongosolo la nsomba gills, ndipo saponin kokha hemolytic zotsatira pa maselo ofiira a magazi, pamene magazi a shrimps ndi nkhanu ndi hemocyanin. Magazi a prawns zamasamba ndi nkhanu samayambitsa vuto la hemolysis ndipo alibe poizoni kwa iwo. Mwachitsanzo, tiyi saponin pa ndende ya 2.5 ppm ikhoza kupha crucian carp, koma izi ndizotetezeka kwa prawns ndi nkhanu. Chifukwa chake, chakudya cha camellia chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa nsomba zovulaza kapena nsomba zinyalala poweta shrimp ndi nkhanu, ndipo kuchuluka kwake komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi pafupifupi 5ppm. Saponin ndi poizoni kwa mphutsi. Ngati mphutsi mwachindunji ankawaviika mu njira saponin amadzimadzi, ndi earthworms adzakhala secrete wambirimbiri ntchofu, kusonkhanitsa mu agglomerates, kuswa, beaded, ndipo utachepa peristaltic luso.

Kafukufuku ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito Tiyi Saponin mu Chitetezo Chomera

1. Kupewa ndi kuchiza Nkhono za Fushou tiyi saponin imakhala ndi mphamvu yabwino yopha nkhono pa nkhono za Fushou, imatha kuletsa mazira a nkhono za Fushou, ndipo imakhala ndi chiwerengero chochepa chakupha (1.8mg / L) kwa nkhono zazing'ono mkati mwa 24. maola. Panthawi yobzala mpunga, chakudya cha camellia chamafuta chimapopera m'munda. Chakudya cha camellia chiyenera kuthiridwa m'madzi kuti chitulutse saponin ya tiyi, kuchititsa imfa ya nkhono zomwe zimawonekera ku tiyi saponin ndikulepheretsa kukula kwa nkhono. Mlingo wake ndi pafupifupi 50 pa hekitala. -100 kg (Njira ya ulimi wa organic ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito, mlingo wa kubzala kwa organic pa hekitala usapitirire 50 kg). Ngati madzi akuya ndi 3 masentimita ndi tiyi saponin zili 5% -14%, tiyi saponin ndende osiyanasiyana pafupifupi 8.6- 48mg/L, ndi poizoni nkhono ndi zamoyo zambiri zam'madzi (nsomba, molluscs, amphibians). Chifukwa chake, alimi amakumbutsidwa kuti asakhetse madzi kwa masiku osachepera 2-3 mutatha kupopera mbewu za camellia. Madzi amayenera kutsanulidwa tiyi ya saponin itawola mwachilengedwe kuti ichepetse mphamvu zake pazamoyo zam'madzi zakunsi kwa mtsinje. Kuonjezera apo, zakudya zambiri za camellia zomwe zimapezeka pamalonda zimakhala ndi madzi, ndipo kuchuluka kwa camellia saponin kudzachepa chaka ndi chaka ndi nthawi yosungiramo, ndipo ntchito yopha nkhono pang'onopang'ono imachepa. Choncho, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti chakudya cha camellia chiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mkati mwa zaka 3 pambuyo pochotsa mafuta. Zotsatira za nkhono.

2. Akatswiri ophera tizilombo (othamangitsa) adaphunzira za ubale wa matenda a tiyi ndi tizirombo ta tiyi ndi saponin ya tiyi, ndipo adapeza kuti mitengo ya tiyi yokhala ndi tiyi wambiri saponin imalimbana ndi khungwa kafadala, pomwe mitengo ya tiyi yomwe imatha kutenga tiyi imakhala yocheperako. Maphunziro ena ndi mabuku adanenanso kuti saponin ya tiyi ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati mankhwala ophera tizilombo kapena othamangitsira kuteteza ndi kuwononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Kachitidwe kake kakuchitapo kanthu kamaphatikizirapo poizoni wa m'mimba, chothamangitsa, komanso kutsekeka kwa thupi pambuyo pa kulumikizidwa kumayambitsa kukomoka. Itha kuwononganso ma enzymes a detoxification a tizilombo. Zochita, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti tizilombo tina tisadye komanso zimakhudza kukula ndi chitukuko chawo. Mwachitsanzo, saponin wa tiyi ali ndi kawopsedwe ka m'mimba komanso zotsatira zothamangitsa mphutsi za mphutsi zagulugufe zoyera. The apamwamba ndende, kwambiri zotsatira. Pamene ndende ikufika ku 800mg / L, mphutsi za 3, 4, ndi 5 za instar zimakhala ndi zakudya zolimbitsa thupi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kukula ndi chitukuko chawo chikhale chochepa, ndipo ziphuphu zimakhalanso zazing'ono kusiyana ndi zopanda chakudya. Zingakhudzenso dongosolo lake lamanjenje, kuchititsa zochitika zachilendo monga kunjenjemera pamene mphutsi zimadya; kwa Plutella xylostella, makamaka imakhala ndi zotsatira zothamangitsa ndipo imalepheretsa kukula ndi kukula kwa mphutsi zake.

3. The antibacterial wothandizira tiyi saponin alinso ndi bactericidal kapena bacteriostatic zotsatira zomera zomera, monga tiyi anthracnose kapena rotifer conidia, amene angalepheretse kumera kwa conidia, ndipo zingachititse mpunga malungo ndi mpunga fulakisi tsamba choipitsa The tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, Alternaria spp…. ndi zina tizilombo spores kumera abnormally, ndi ziletsa kukula kwa hyphae wa Sclerotium sclerotium ndi Rhizoctonia solani, komanso ali ndi amphamvu poizoni mmene soya chotupa nematode. Kuonjezera apo, palinso mabuku omwe amalembedwa kuti saponin wa tiyi ali ndi mphamvu yolamulira pa matenda osiyanasiyana osungiramo zinthu monga citrus penicillium ndi nkhungu yobiriwira, ndipo angagwiritsidwe ntchito posungira ndi kusunga zipatso pambuyo pokolola. Komabe, mankhwala amakono a saponin omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popewera ndi kuwongolera matenda akadali ndi kafukufuku wambiri komanso malo ogwiritsira ntchito. Alimi amatha kusakaniza tiyi wowawa ngati zinthu zomwe zili m'nthaka, ndipo panthawi imodzimodziyo zimathandiza kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa mizu ya guava nodule nematodes. Mainland China Lipotilo linanena kuti m'zaka za m'ma 1950, idagwiritsa ntchito madzi owuma a tiyi (chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi tiyi wa saponin) pofuna kuthana ndi malungo a mpunga ndi chiwopsezo cha sheath.

4. Othandizira mankhwala ophera tizilombo kapena ma synergists Malinga ndi zotsatira za kafukufuku wapano, kuchuluka kwa tiyi saponin m'makampani opangira mankhwala kumaphatikizapo ngati chonyowetsa ndi kuyimitsa, synergist ndi kufalitsa, herbicide kapena kusungunuka pang'ono m'madzi Kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chosungunulira mu mankhwala ophera tizilombo. ; kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwachindunji ngati mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Chifukwa saponin palokha ali ndi makhalidwe a interfacial yogwira wothandizila, akhoza kusakaniza mankhwala ophera tizilombo, amene mwachionekere kusintha thupi ndi mankhwala zimatha mankhwala amadzimadzi, ndipo angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati wothandizira kapena synergist yokonza mankhwala. Kuyesera kwa Wang et al. anapeza kuti tiyi saponin akhoza kwambiri kuchepetsa mavuto padziko mankhwala mankhwala zamadzimadzi. Wolembayo adawonanso zochitika zofananira pamayeso am'munda. Pakuyesa uku, kutulutsa kwamadzi kwa mabakiteriya a suli osakanikirana ndi zingwe za camellia kunali kotsatira. Kufanana. Lingaliro ndikuti kuwonjezera pang'onopang'ono kwamadzi a Camellia dregs kumatha kukulitsa kuthamanga kwamadzimadzi, kuchepetsa kukhudzana kwa madontho pa chamoyo chomwe mukufuna, ndikuwonjezera kuyika bwino kwamankhwala pa chamoyo chomwe mukufuna, chomwe chimathandizira. kutha kumamatira ku chamoyo chomwe mukufuna. , Kuti mphamvu ya mankhwalawa ibweretsedwe mokwanira. Kuchulukitsa kusungunuka ndi kunyowa kwa mankhwala opangira mankhwala kungakhalenso njira imodzi yopititsira patsogolo mphamvu ya mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Pomaliza Chakudya cha Camellia ndi chotsika mtengo komanso chachilengedwe chomwe chimapangidwa kuchokera kumafuta a Camellia oleifera. Ndi wolemera mu tiyi saponin. Kuwonjezera pa kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala oyeretsera mwachilengedwe, akulimbikitsidwanso kuti alimi azigwiritsa ntchito kupha nkhono, kuteteza tizirombo, ndi kuwonjezera mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Chothandiziracho chimasakanikirana ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito. Ngakhale kuti tiyi saponin ndi yosavuta kuwola, ndipo mphamvu yake sivuta kukhalabe, ndi poizoni kwambiri kwa mphutsi ndi zamoyo zam'madzi. Chisamaliro chachikulu chiyenera kuperekedwa pa mlingo ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito polamulira nkhono m'minda ya paddy kuti muchepetse kawopsedwe ku zamoyo zina zomwe sizikufuna.

Kukhazikika ndi zotsatira za tiyi saponin

50% yakupha kwa nkhono zazing'ono za P. nkhono mkati mwa maola 24 ndizochepa (1.8mg/L)
Kuchuluka kwa tiyi saponin ndi pafupifupi 8.6-48mg/L, yomwe ndi poizoni ku nkhono ndi zamoyo zambiri zam'madzi (nsomba, molluscs, amphibians)
Tiyi saponin ali onse chapamimba kawopsedwe ndi zotsatira zothamangitsa pa mphutsi agulugufe White, ndi apamwamba ndende, ndi zofunika kwambiri zotsatira. Pamene ndende ikufika pa 800mg / L, mphutsi za 3, 4, ndi 5 za instar zimakhala ndi zakudya zolimba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kukula ndi chitukuko chawo chikhale chochepa.
Kwa Plutella xylostella, makamaka imakhala ndi mphamvu yothamangitsira ndipo imalepheretsa kukula ndi kukula kwa mphutsi zake.
Imalepheretsa kumera kwa tiyi anthracnose kapena rotifer
Itha kupangitsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a rice fever, fulakesi yamasamba, mawanga akuda…
Kuletsa kukula kwa hyphae wa Sclerotium sclerotium ndi Rhizoctonia solani
Ilinso ndi poizoni wamphamvu pa soya chotupa nematode


Nthawi yotumiza: Oct-15-2021
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